Using a total station or any other piece of surveying equipment is easy when you know the right steps. But an understanding of the names and terms we will be using is also important, so let’s go over some of those first.
Tripod– The tripod is a three-legged stand that forms the base of the total station, RTK GPS or other pieces of survey equipment. Cameras also employ tripods for stable measurements.
Tribrach– A 2-plate mechanism that attaches to surveying equipment and allows for sub-millimetre adjustments. There are thumbscrews that help to adjust the device and usually include an optical plummet and bubble level as well.
Optical plummet– a scope on the side of the tribrach that points to a mirror inside the levelling mechanism. The mirror is angled downward, so centering the tripod is easier.
A total station is a combined electronic theodolite and distance-measuring device used to capture angles, distances, and coordinates from a single setup point. It integrates an internal computer to calculate precise positions, making it a central tool for modern surveying tasks. Most models also include onboard storage or wireless data transfer to streamline workflow in the field.
A total station works by measuring angles with its theodolite component while using an electronic distance meter (EDM) to calculate the distance to a target prism. These two sets of data allow the device to compute exact coordinates through triangulation. The onboard software processes these values instantly, enabling surveyors to map points, capture elevations, and create layouts directly in the field.
Once the instrument is levelled and centred over the reference point, the total station locks onto a prism or reflector to begin collecting data. The EDM sends out an infrared or laser signal, then measures the time it takes for that signal to return, converting it into a precise distance. Meanwhile, the horizontal and vertical angles are captured simultaneously, which provides the necessary input for the device’s coordinate calculations.
Modern total stations often include tracking modes that automatically follow the prism as the operator moves across the site. This reduces the need for manual alignment and helps maintain consistent measurement accuracy, especially during layout or topographic surveys. Many units also store point data directly in the controller, allowing surveyors to review measurements, apply codes, or adjust settings in real time.
After the fieldwork is complete, the stored coordinate data can be exported to CAD, GIS, or surveying software for further processing.
Total stations are widely used across multiple surveying and construction tasks, including:
Total stations offer surveyors a combination of precision, efficiency, and versatility that is difficult to match with traditional instruments. Some of the most notable benefits include:
User-friendly controllers and guided workflows that shorten the learning curve for new operators
Reliable performance across large or complex job sites. Surveyors can gather consistent data even when working over long distances or uneven terrain
Digital measurement and recording that eliminates the need for manual note-taking and reduces the chances of transcription mistakes
A single instrument capable of performing multiple tasks helping crews minimize equipment changes during a project
Real-time feedback on measurements, which lets operators confirm point accuracy immediately instead of waiting for office processing
Flexible data export options that make it easy to move measurements into design platforms, project management systems, or mapping tools
Step 1: Mark the point of reference
The first step in setting up your total station is marking the point of reference. Typically people use a pointed stake to mark a reference point and drive it into the ground.
Step 2: Set up tripod and attach tribrach
Next, set up your tripod overtop of the reference point. Attach your tribrach loosely and prepare to rough level the device.
Step 3: Rough level tribrach and attach total station
When rough levelling, you don’t need to be perfectly level. Still, you need to be fairly close to level before attaching the total station. Use the optical plummet to correctly position your tripod and the bubble level when fine-tuning the position.
Step 4: Connect cables and power device on
Next, connect the two cables that come with your device. The first cable provides power to the unit, and the second attaches to the controller.
Step 5: Make fine adjustments
Using your total station’s controller, make the final adjustments for accuracy. These small adjustments will make a difference in your final results, so ensure you follow the manufacturer’s instructions for best results.
Bench Mark Equipment & Supplies is your team to trust with all your surveying equipment. We have been providing high-quality surveying equipment to land surveyors, engineers, construction, airborne and resource professionals since 2002. This helps establish ourselves as the go-to team in Calgary, Canada, and the USA. Plus, we provide a wide selection of equipment, including global navigation satellite systems, RTK GPS equipment, GNSS receivers, and more. We strive to provide the highest level of customer care and service for everyone. To speak to one of our team today, call us at +1 (888) 286-3204 or email us at [email protected]
